The Power of Elderberries: 5 Key Compounds (Explained Simply)
- Benjamin Machlitt
- Nov 20, 2024
- 3 min read
Updated: Jan 7
Elderberries are often talked about as a “superfood,” but what actually makes them special?
The short answer: elderberries are packed with naturally occurring plant compounds that help support overall wellness, especially during times when your body needs a little extra support.
Related reading: 10 Benefits of Taking Elderberry Syrup Daily
Below, we break down five key compounds found in elderberries, what they do in simple terms, and why they matter, without the science jargon.
Anthocyanins (What Gives Elderberries Their Deep Purple Color)
Anthocyanins are the compounds responsible for elderberries’ rich, dark purple hue, and they’re also one of the most studied components of the fruit.
In simple terms: Anthocyanins act as antioxidants, which help your body deal with everyday oxidative stress caused by things like environmental exposure, poor sleep, and seasonal changes. Oxidative stress is linked to chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions.
Why that matters:
Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals
Free radicals are linked to cellular stress over time
Diets rich in anthocyanins are often associated with overall wellness support
This is one of the main reasons elderberry syrup is commonly used as part of a seasonal wellness routine.
Flavonoids (including Quercetin & Rutin):
Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring plant compounds found in many fruits, elderberries included.
They are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These compounds can also help improve cardiovascular health by reducing the risk of heart disease and lowering blood pressure
In plain language: Flavonoids help support the body’s natural inflammatory response and overall immune balance.
Two you’ll often hear about:
Quercetin – commonly studied for antioxidant support
Rutin – associated with circulation and vascular health
Together, these compounds help explain why elderberries have been traditionally used during colder months and seasonal transitions.
Chlorogenic Acid (A Compound Found in Coffee & Berries)
Chlorogenic acid is another antioxidant compound naturally found in elderberries (and coffee beans, for comparison).
What it does:
It’s often studied for its role in supporting:
Healthy blood sugar response
Antioxidant activity
While research is still ongoing, this compound adds to elderberry’s reputation as a plant that supports overall wellness rather than targeting just one system.
Proanthocyanidins (Extra Antioxidant Support)
Proanthocyanidins are a specific type of flavonoid with strong antioxidant properties. They can support immune function and may reduce inflammation, providing protection against infections.
In everyday terms:
They help reinforce the body’s natural defense systems and support immune function, especially during times of increased stress or exposure.
These compounds are also found in cranberries and grapes, which are similarly associated with protective plant benefits.
Tannins (Naturally Occurring Plant Defenses)
Tannins are compounds plants use to protect themselves, and when consumed, they can offer supportive benefits to humans as well.
They are recognized for their antimicrobial and antiviral properties, which help to protect against a variety of infections, including colds and flu. These compounds also contribute to the plant's ability to support overall immune health.
Why tannins matter:
Known for antimicrobial properties
Contribute to elderberry’s traditional use during cold and flu season
Add to the overall immune-supportive profile of the fruit
Tannins are also what give elderberries a slightly astringent taste, something often balanced with honey or warming spices in syrup form.
Why Whole-Berry, Small-Batch Elderberry Matters
Not all elderberry products are created equal.
The concentration of these beneficial compounds depends on:
Where and how the berries are grown
Whether whole berries are used
How gently the syrup or extract is prepared
Over-processing, artificial flavoring, or excessive heat can reduce the naturally occurring compounds that make elderberry special in the first place.
This is why sourcing and preparation matter just as much as the ingredient itself.
Bringing It All Together
Elderberries aren’t powerful because of one single compound, it’s the combination of anthocyanins, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, proanthocyanidins, and tannins working together.
That’s why elderberry has remained a trusted plant for centuries and continues to be a staple in modern wellness routines.
Whether you use elderberry syrup daily, seasonally, or occasionally, understanding why it works helps you choose products with intention.
References:
And if you want to get a little nerdy with elderberries...read below
MDPI - Bioactive Compounds from Elderberry: Extraction, Health Benefits, and Food Applications
MDPI -Elderberry Extracts: Characterization of the Polyphenolic Chemical Composition, Quality Consistency, Safety, Adulteration, and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Induced Health Disorders
RSC Publishing - Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) juice as a novel functional product rich in health-promoting compounds